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Kodi chowotcha cha semiconductor ndi chiyani?
Chophika chophatikizira cha semiconductor ndi kagawo kakang'ono kozungulira kozungulira ka semiconductor komwe kumakhala ngati maziko opangira ma circulatory ophatikizika (ICs) ndi zida zina zamagetsi. Chophimbacho chimapereka malo ophwanyika komanso yunifolomu pomwe zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zimamangidwa.
Njira yopangira zowotcha imaphatikizapo masitepe angapo, kuphatikiza kukulitsa kristalo wamkulu wazinthu zofunidwa za semiconductor, kusisita kristaloyo kukhala zowonda zopyapyala pogwiritsa ntchito macheka a diamondi, kenako kupukuta ndi kuyeretsa zowotchazo kuti zichotse zolakwika zilizonse kapena zonyansa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zosalala komanso zosalala bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga njira zopangira.
Zophika zikakonzedwa, zimakhala ndi njira zingapo zopangira semiconductor, monga photolithography, etching, deposition, ndi doping, kuti apange mapangidwe ovuta komanso zigawo zofunika kuti apange zida zamagetsi. Njirazi zimabwerezedwa kangapo pa chowotcha chimodzi kuti apange mabwalo angapo ophatikizika kapena zida zina.
Ntchito yopangirayo ikamalizidwa, tchipisi tating'onoting'ono timapatulidwa ndikudula chophatikiziracho motsatira mizere yokonzedweratu. Tchipisi zopatulidwazo zimayikidwa kuti zitetezedwe ndikupereka zolumikizira zamagetsi kuti ziphatikizidwe ndi zida zamagetsi.
Zida zosiyanasiyana pa mtanda
Zophika za semiconductor zimapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku silicon ya kristalo imodzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, mphamvu zake zamagetsi, komanso kugwirizana ndi njira zopangira semiconductor. Komabe, kutengera ntchito ndi zofunikira zina, zida zina zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga zowotcha. Nazi zitsanzo:
Silicon carbide (SiC) ndi bandgap semiconductor zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa kukula ndi kulemera kwa zida zowonekera, ma module, ngakhale machitidwe onse, ndikuwongolera bwino.
Makhalidwe Ofunikira a SiC:
- - Bandgap yayikulu:SiC's bandgap imakhala pafupifupi katatu kuposa ya silicon, yomwe imalola kuti igwire ntchito kutentha kwambiri, mpaka 400 ° C.
- -Munda Wowonongeka Kwambiri:SiC imatha kupirira kuwirikiza kakhumi kumunda wamagetsi wa silicon, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino pazida zamphamvu kwambiri.
- - High Thermal Conductivity:SiC imataya bwino kutentha, kuthandiza zida kuti zisunge kutentha koyenera komanso kutalikitsa moyo wawo.
- -Kuthamanga Kwambiri kwa Electron Drift:Ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kuthamanga kwa silicon, SiC imathandizira ma frequency apamwamba, kuthandizira pazida zazing'ono.
Mapulogalamu:
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-Zamagetsi Zamagetsi:Zida zamagetsi za SiC zimachita bwino kwambiri m'malo othamanga kwambiri, okwera kwambiri, otentha kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri, kumathandizira kwambiri kutembenuza mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi, malo ochapira, makina opangira ma photovoltaic, zoyendera njanji, ndi ma gridi anzeru.
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-Microwave Communications:Zida za SiC-based GaN RF ndizofunikira kwambiri pazida zolumikizirana opanda zingwe, makamaka pamasiteshoni a 5G. Zipangizozi zimaphatikiza matenthedwe abwino kwambiri a SiC ndi kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa GaN, kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa RF, kuwapanga kukhala chisankho chokondeka pama network am'badwo wotsatira.
Gallium nitride (GaN)ndi m'badwo wachitatu wide bandgap semiconductor material okhala ndi bandgap yayikulu, high matenthedwe madutsidwe, mkulu ma elekitironi saturation drift drift velocity, ndi makhalidwe osweka bwino m'munda. Zipangizo za GaN zili ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'malo othamanga kwambiri, othamanga kwambiri, komanso amphamvu kwambiri monga kuyatsa kopulumutsa mphamvu kwa LED, mawonedwe a laser projection, magalimoto amagetsi, ma grids anzeru, ndi kulumikizana kwa 5G.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs)ndi zida za semiconductor zomwe zimadziwika ndi ma frequency apamwamba, kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi apamwamba, kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri, phokoso lotsika, komanso mzere wabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale optoelectronics ndi ma microelectronics. Mu optoelectronics, magawo a GaAs amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga LED (light-emitting diode), LD (laser diode), ndi zipangizo za photovoltaic. Mu ma microelectronics, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma MESFET (metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors), HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors), HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors), ICs (integrated circuits), microwave diode, ndi zipangizo za Hall effect.
Indium phosphide (InP)ndi imodzi mwama semiconductors ofunikira a III-V, omwe amadziwika chifukwa chakuyenda kwake kwa ma elekitironi, kukana kwambiri ma radiation, ndi bandgap yayikulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale optoelectronics ndi ma microelectronics.
